Estudo comparativo entre cadetes, juniores e seniores em ações de puxar vs. empurrar no judo, com recurso à tensiomiografia
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2020
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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar judocas masculinos de três grupos,
Cadetes, Juniores e Seniores ao nível: (1) das propriedades contráteis dos músculos (2) das
percentagens de simetria dos músculos bilaterais: bíceps braquial, tríceps braquial, peitoral
e grande dorsal, (3) analisar o equilíbrio agonista / antagonista dos braços, e (4) determinar
a associação entre as propriedades contráteis dos músculos e dos valores de desempenho
no exercício de supino e da remada.
Método: Vinte e sete atletas de judo voluntários participaram neste estudo, divididos em três
grupos: sete atletas Cadetes, cinco atletas Juniores e quinze atletas Seniores, com uma
média de idades 16.7 ± 0.5 anos, 19.0 ± 0.7 anos, 23.7 ± 2.6 anos, respectivamente. Foram
avaliados através de tensiomiografia (TMG), o deslocamento máximo (Dm), tempo de
reação (Td), o tempo de contração (Tc), o tempo de sustentação (Ts) e o tempo de
relaxamento (Tr), que foram obtidos no lado esquerdo e lado direito de cada músculo
estudado: (1) grande dorsal; (2) bíceps braquial; (3) tríceps braquial; e (4) peitoral, em todos
os sujeitos. Além do TMG foram realizados avaliações das diferentes formas de
manifestações de força, no exercício de Supino e Remada, através do dinamómetro
Isocontrol 6.0. Os resultados foram expressos em termos de média e desvios-padrão (média
± DP) para todos as variáveis dependentes. O conjunto de dados foi analisado usando uma
ANOVA para determinar as diferenças na propriedades contrácteis dos músculos e no nível
de desempenho. As comparações múltiplas entre cada grupo foi usada (LSD Post Hoc)
quando necessário, para isolar quaisquer diferenças entre grupos, além do algoritmo do
TMG-BMC tensiomyography® para determinar as percentagens de simetria laterais.
Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças entre os Cadetes, Juniores e Seniores a favor
dos atletas Seniores, nos níveis de Força, de Potência e de Força Explosiva na ordem dos
15-35%. Apesar de existirem pequenas diferenças nas propriedades contrácteis dos
músculos, não foram encontradas diferenças no padrão geral dos Cadetes, Juniores e
Seniores, assim como, na Simetria e no Rácio Agonista/Antagoista.
Conclusões: Neste grupo de judocas, as propriedades contrácteis dos músculos das ações
de puxar (grande dorsal e bíceps braquial) e das ações de empurrar (peitoral e tríceps
braquial): (1) deslocamento máximo (Dm); (2) tempo de reação (Tr); (3) tempo de contração
(Tc); e (4) tempo de sustentação (Ts) parecem ter um efeito significativo na explicação da
variância do desempenho da força, da potência e da força explosiva nas acções do
exercício da remada e do supino. Ainda, uma maior Assimetria parece ter um efeito
significativo no desempenho neuromuscular.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare male judokas from three groups, Cadets, Juniors and Seniors at the level: (1) of the contractile properties of the muscles (2) of the percentages of symmetry of the bilateral muscles: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis and dorsal, (3) to analyze the agonist/antagonist balance of the arms, and (4) to determine the association between the contractile properties of the muscles and the performance values in the bench press and stroke exercise. Method: Twenty-seven volunteer judo athletes participated in this study, divided into three groups: seven Cadet athletes, five Junior athletes and fifteen Senior athletes, with an average age of 16.7 ± 0.5 years, 19.0 ± 0.7 years, 23.7 ± 2.6 years, respectively. The maximum displacement (Dm), reaction time (Td), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts) and relaxation time (Tr) were evaluated through tensiomyography (TMG), which were obtained on the left and right side of each muscle studied: (1) latissimus dorsi; (2) biceps brachii; (3) triceps brachii; and (4) pectoral, in all subjects. In addition to the TMG, evaluations of the different forms of strength manifestations were performed, in the bench press and rowing exercise, using the Isocontrol 6.0 dynamometer. The results were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviations (mean ± SD) for all dependent variables. The data set was analyzed using an ANOVA to determine the differences in the contractile properties of the muscles and in the level of performance. Multiple comparisons between each group were used (LSD Post Hoc) when necessary, to isolate any differences between groups, in addition to the TMG-BMC tensiomyography® algorithm to determine the lateral symmetry percentages. Results: Differences were found between Cadets, Juniors and Seniors in favor of Senior athletes, in the Strength, Power and Explosive Strength levels in the order of 15- 35%. Although there are small differences in the contractile properties of the muscles, no differences were found in the general pattern of the Cadets, Juniors and Seniors, as well as, in Symmetry and in the Agonist / Antagonist Ratio. Conclusions: In this group of judokas, the contractile properties of the muscles of the pulling actions (latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii) and the pushing actions (chest and triceps brachii): (1) maximum displacement (Dm); (2) reaction time (Tr); (3) contraction time (Tc); and (4) lift time (Ts) seem to have a significant effect in explaining the variance in strength performance, power and explosive strength in the actions of the rowing and bench press exercise. In addition, greater asymmetry appears to have a significant effect on neuromuscular performance.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare male judokas from three groups, Cadets, Juniors and Seniors at the level: (1) of the contractile properties of the muscles (2) of the percentages of symmetry of the bilateral muscles: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pectoralis and dorsal, (3) to analyze the agonist/antagonist balance of the arms, and (4) to determine the association between the contractile properties of the muscles and the performance values in the bench press and stroke exercise. Method: Twenty-seven volunteer judo athletes participated in this study, divided into three groups: seven Cadet athletes, five Junior athletes and fifteen Senior athletes, with an average age of 16.7 ± 0.5 years, 19.0 ± 0.7 years, 23.7 ± 2.6 years, respectively. The maximum displacement (Dm), reaction time (Td), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts) and relaxation time (Tr) were evaluated through tensiomyography (TMG), which were obtained on the left and right side of each muscle studied: (1) latissimus dorsi; (2) biceps brachii; (3) triceps brachii; and (4) pectoral, in all subjects. In addition to the TMG, evaluations of the different forms of strength manifestations were performed, in the bench press and rowing exercise, using the Isocontrol 6.0 dynamometer. The results were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviations (mean ± SD) for all dependent variables. The data set was analyzed using an ANOVA to determine the differences in the contractile properties of the muscles and in the level of performance. Multiple comparisons between each group were used (LSD Post Hoc) when necessary, to isolate any differences between groups, in addition to the TMG-BMC tensiomyography® algorithm to determine the lateral symmetry percentages. Results: Differences were found between Cadets, Juniors and Seniors in favor of Senior athletes, in the Strength, Power and Explosive Strength levels in the order of 15- 35%. Although there are small differences in the contractile properties of the muscles, no differences were found in the general pattern of the Cadets, Juniors and Seniors, as well as, in Symmetry and in the Agonist / Antagonist Ratio. Conclusions: In this group of judokas, the contractile properties of the muscles of the pulling actions (latissimus dorsi and biceps brachii) and the pushing actions (chest and triceps brachii): (1) maximum displacement (Dm); (2) reaction time (Tr); (3) contraction time (Tc); and (4) lift time (Ts) seem to have a significant effect in explaining the variance in strength performance, power and explosive strength in the actions of the rowing and bench press exercise. In addition, greater asymmetry appears to have a significant effect on neuromuscular performance.
Descrição
Orientação: Luís Fernandes Monteiro
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, JUDO, FORÇA MUSCULAR, DESEMPENHO FÍSICO, TREINO DESPORTIVO, SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, JUDO, MUSCULAR STRENGTH, PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, SPORTS COACHING, MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO