Características psicológicas dos perpetradores de cyberbullying : uma revisão sistemática da literatura
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2022
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Enquadramento: A literatura e a investigação científica sobre o cyberbullying estão
maioritariamente direcionadas para as vítimas, negligenciando a componente do ofensor,
existindo um debate na literatura se o cyberbullying é uma extensão do bullying ou uma
tipologia de crime diferente. Por outro lado, os estudos com os cyberbullies focam-se
essencialmente nas características demográficas e/ou sociais, descurando a componente da
caracterização psicológica destes ofensores.
Objetivo: Obter uma descrição pormenorizada dos estudos e da literatura sobre o
perfil/caracterização psicológica dos ofensores de cyberbullying.
Método: Revisão sistemática, utilizando as diretrizes do PRISMA-P. Elaboraram-se
critérios de elegibilidade, com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A pesquisa foi efetuada em
sete bases de dados eletrónicas e o processo de recolha e análise de dados foi realizada por
dois investigadores independentes.
Resultados: Foram incluídas 13 publicações, todas de natureza quantitativa, design
transversal e retrospetivo. A maioria dos estudos surge na última década, principalmente
no continente europeu e asiático. As variáveis psicológicas mais estudadas são a
autoestima, os traços de personalidade e antissociais, o autocontrolo e o raciocínio moral.
Ao nível dos indicadores psicológicos, identifica-se uma tendência de variabilidade dos
resultados em função das amostras utilizadas.
Conclusão: Os cyberbullies parecem apresentar características psicológicas que os
diferenciam dos não agressores, mas não se identificam diferenças na caracterização
psicológica entre os cyberbullies e bullies. Assim, os estudos parecem indicar que o perfil
psicológico dos cyberbullies não se diferencia dos bullies, o que pode contribuir para a
controvérsia acerca da conceptualização do cyberbullying como um subtipo de bullying ou
como uma tipologia diferenciada. Discutem-se as implicações em termos de investigação
futura.
Background: Literature and scientific research on cyberbullying are mostly targeted at victims, neglecting the offender component, and there is a debate in the literature whether cyberbullying is an extension of bullying or a different type of crime. On the other hand, studies with cyberbullies focus essentially on demographic and/or social characteristics, neglecting the psychological characterization component of these offenders. Objective: To obtain a detailed description of studies and literature on the profile/psychological characterization of cyberbullying offenders. Method: Systematic review using PRISMA-P guidelines. Eligibility criteria were elaborated, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was carried out in seven electronic databases and the data collection and analysis process was carried out by two independent researchers. Results: 13 publications were included, all of a quantitative nature, transversal and retrospective design. Most studies appear in the last decade, mainly in Europe and Asia. The most studied psychological variables are self-esteem, personality and antisocial traits, self-control and moral reasoning. At the level of psychological indicators, a tendency towards variability of results is identified as a function of the samples used. Conclusion: Cyberbullies seem to have psychological characteristics that differentiate them from non-aggressors, but there are no differences in the psychological characterization between cyberbullies and bullies. Thus, studies seem to indicate that the psychological profile of cyberbullies does not differ from bullies, which may contribute to the controversy regarding the conceptualization of cyberbullying as a subtype of bullying or as a differentiated typology. Implications for future research are discussed.
Background: Literature and scientific research on cyberbullying are mostly targeted at victims, neglecting the offender component, and there is a debate in the literature whether cyberbullying is an extension of bullying or a different type of crime. On the other hand, studies with cyberbullies focus essentially on demographic and/or social characteristics, neglecting the psychological characterization component of these offenders. Objective: To obtain a detailed description of studies and literature on the profile/psychological characterization of cyberbullying offenders. Method: Systematic review using PRISMA-P guidelines. Eligibility criteria were elaborated, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was carried out in seven electronic databases and the data collection and analysis process was carried out by two independent researchers. Results: 13 publications were included, all of a quantitative nature, transversal and retrospective design. Most studies appear in the last decade, mainly in Europe and Asia. The most studied psychological variables are self-esteem, personality and antisocial traits, self-control and moral reasoning. At the level of psychological indicators, a tendency towards variability of results is identified as a function of the samples used. Conclusion: Cyberbullies seem to have psychological characteristics that differentiate them from non-aggressors, but there are no differences in the psychological characterization between cyberbullies and bullies. Thus, studies seem to indicate that the psychological profile of cyberbullies does not differ from bullies, which may contribute to the controversy regarding the conceptualization of cyberbullying as a subtype of bullying or as a differentiated typology. Implications for future research are discussed.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Rita Conde Dias
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA JUSTIÇA, PSICOLOGIA, CYBERBULLYING, REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA, PSYCHOLOGY, CYBERBULLYING, BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW