Efeito da idade relativa na composição dos planteis dos clubes de futebol do campeonato nacional da 1ª divisão - escalões sub-15, sub-17 e sub-19
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2021
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O efeito da idade relativa (EIR) pode ser definido como as diferenças na idade
cronológica entre atletas jovens pertencentes a mesma faixa etária, com maior prevalencia de
atletas nascidos nos primeiros meses do ano nos elencos das equipas desportivas. Há muitos
estudos na literatura científica que trata do tema EIR, contudo, em Portugal no Futebol são
poucos, dando relevância ao estudo feito nesta investigação sobre a temática.
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar a influência da idade relativa na
composição dos plantéis das equipas de formação no Campeonato Nacional da 1ª divisão
Portuguesa de Futebol, época 2019/2020, tendo como referencial as equipas participantes na 2ª
fase da competição nos escalões Sub-15, Sub-17 e Sub-19. Na busca de dados concretos para
a pesquisa, utilizou-se do site <www.zerozero.pt>. A população total da amostra foi de 2.028
atletas jovens do futebol, dos quais 665 pertenciam ao escalão Sub-15, 504 ao Sub-17 e 859 ao
Sub-19. Os atletas foram classificados de acordo com suas datas de nascimentos no ano, em
quatro quartis: Q1 (jan/fev/mar), Q2 (abr/mai/jun), Q3 (jul/ago/set) e Q4 (out/nov/dez). Para
análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise estatística descritiva, utilizando os valores das
frequências absoluta e relativa.
No presente estudo verificou-se um maior percentual de atletas nascidos nos dois
primeiros quartis do ano, em termos globais. Também foi verificado que em todos os escalões
e em todas as posições, o número de jogadores decrescia sucessivamente do Q1 para o Q4.
Como conclusão principal, existirá uma influência da idade relativa na composição dos plantéis,
em todos os escalões estudados, bem como em todas as posições.
The effect of relative age (EIR) can be defined as the differences in chronological age between young athletes belonging to the same age group, with a higher prevalence of athletes born in the first months of the year in the lists of sports teams. There are many studies in the scientific literature dealing with the EIR theme, however, in Portugal in Soccer there are few, giving relevance to the study done in this investigation on the theme. The present research aimed to verify the influence of the relative age in the composition of the squads of the training teams in the National Championship of the 1st Portuguese Football Division, season 2019/2020, having as reference the teams participating in the 2nd phase of the competition in the Sub- 15, U-17 and U-19. In the search for concrete data for the research, the site <www.zerozero.pt> was used. The total population of the sample was 2.028 young soccer players, of which 665 belonged to the Sub-15 bracket, 504 to the Sub-17 and 859 to the Sub 19. The athletes were classified according to their birth dates in the year, in four quartiles: Q1 (Jan / Feb / Mar), Q2 (Apr / May / Jun), Q3 (Jul / Aug / Sep) and Q4 (Oct / Nov) /ten). For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis was used, using the values of absolute and relative frequencies, in order to verify the prevalence of relative age. As research conclusions, a higher percentage of athletes born in the first two quartiles of the year were found within the ranks, within the total of samples and by position within the playing field. It was also found that in all ranks and in all positions, the birth order was decreasing, both conclusions suggest that there was a predominance of relative age in the composition of the teams' athlete squads, since when comparing positions and ranks, in all groups there was an undeniable majority born in the first six months of the year.
The effect of relative age (EIR) can be defined as the differences in chronological age between young athletes belonging to the same age group, with a higher prevalence of athletes born in the first months of the year in the lists of sports teams. There are many studies in the scientific literature dealing with the EIR theme, however, in Portugal in Soccer there are few, giving relevance to the study done in this investigation on the theme. The present research aimed to verify the influence of the relative age in the composition of the squads of the training teams in the National Championship of the 1st Portuguese Football Division, season 2019/2020, having as reference the teams participating in the 2nd phase of the competition in the Sub- 15, U-17 and U-19. In the search for concrete data for the research, the site <www.zerozero.pt> was used. The total population of the sample was 2.028 young soccer players, of which 665 belonged to the Sub-15 bracket, 504 to the Sub-17 and 859 to the Sub 19. The athletes were classified according to their birth dates in the year, in four quartiles: Q1 (Jan / Feb / Mar), Q2 (Apr / May / Jun), Q3 (Jul / Aug / Sep) and Q4 (Oct / Nov) /ten). For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis was used, using the values of absolute and relative frequencies, in order to verify the prevalence of relative age. As research conclusions, a higher percentage of athletes born in the first two quartiles of the year were found within the ranks, within the total of samples and by position within the playing field. It was also found that in all ranks and in all positions, the birth order was decreasing, both conclusions suggest that there was a predominance of relative age in the composition of the teams' athlete squads, since when comparing positions and ranks, in all groups there was an undeniable majority born in the first six months of the year.
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Orientação: Paulo Jorge Rodrigues Cunha
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MESTRADO EM FUTEBOL-DA FORMAÇÃO À ALTA COMPETIÇÃO, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, FUTEBOL, FOOTBALL, MATURAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA, BIOLOGICAL MATURATION, IDADE, AGE