Literacia física, mobilidade ativa e atividade física em contexto universitário: uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa
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2023
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A mobilidade ativa compreende a utilização de passeios a pé e de bicicleta para viagens individuais ou dentro de uma viagem em combinação com os transportes públicos, e contribui para maiores níveis de atividade física integrada no dia-a-dia. A literacia física pode ajudar a promover estilos de vida mais ativos, contribuindo para cidades mais sustentáveis e sociedades mais saudáveis, promovendo comportamentos de saúde positivos e sustentáveis. A literacia física no seu conceito mais holístico é descrita como a motivação, confiança, competência física, conhecimento e compreensão para valorizar e assumir a responsabilidade pelo envolvimento em atividade física para a vida. É fundamental olhar para a literacia física na sua complexidade de forma a analisar a sua contribuição para estilos de vida mais ativos e sustentáveis. Objetivo: A presente tese, fazendo uso de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos teve como objetivo analisar as relações entre o nível de atividade física e a mobilidade ativa analisando a compreensão e perceção em redor do conceito de literacia física e do seu contributo para estilos de vida mais ativos. Método: Foi adotado um método de pesquisa misto, através do desenvolvimento de dois estudos sequenciais. (I) O primeiro estudo assentou numa análise quantitativa observacional. Responderam a um inquérito digital 498 pessoas com idades entre 18 e 80 anos, 62.95% do sexo feminino. Foram analisadas: a) a associação das várias dimensões da literacia física (motivação, confiança e competência motora e conhecimento, imagem corporal e oportunidades) com o nível de atividade física atual; b) a associação das várias dimensões da literacia física, e do nível de atividade física atual, com um indicador central para a sustentabilidade – a forma de deslocação. A análise das variáveis em estudo foi feita com recurso ao JASP. (II) O segundo estudo foi qualitativo exploratório, e analisou (via grupo focal) as relações entre o nível de atividade física e a mobilidade ativa, analisando a compreensão e perceção em redor do conceito de literacia física – nas dimensões acima mencionadas. 7 estudantes universitários, sendo 42.9% do sexo feminino, participaram no grupo focal. Os resultados foram analisados seguindo uma análise temática com auxílio da aplicação Nvivo. Resultados: No estudo I verificou-se que a literacia física estava relacionada com maiores níveis de atividade física e que um nível mais elevado de atividade física estava associado a uma forma de deslocação mais sustentável. No entanto, não se verificou uma associação entre a literacia física e uma forma de deslocação mais sustentável. Já no estudo II, esta falta de associação pode talvez entender-se à luz do desconhecimento em relação ao que constitui a literacia física, bem como a mobilidade ativa. Ainda assim, a maioria dos participantes referiu sentir-se confiante e capaz para ser ativo fisicamente no dia-a-dia, ligando esta confiança com experiências positivas anteriores. A maioria dos participantes evidenciou uma motivação autónoma, para a prática de atividade física. Já em relação à dimensão da imagem corporal e das oportunidades, os participantes evidenciaram alguma ambivalência com a satisfação com o seu corpo, e indicaram que, no seu dia-a-dia, as caminhadas para os transportes e para a faculdade são as oportunidades para serem mais ativos. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sublinham a importância de estimular a literacia física e o seu conhecimento e encarar a mobilidade ativa como um tipo de atividade física a promover nesta população. Mais pesquisas e estudos devem ser realizados sobre a relação da literacia física com a mobilidade ativa. De facto, a forma de deslocação entre locais nem sempre é valorizada como uma oportunidade para aumentar o nível de atividade física diária. Intervenções direcionadas para o aumento da literacia física, com especial foco na sua componente de identificação e oportunidades diárias podem ser particularmente relevantes. Palavras-chave: literacia física, atividade física, mobilidade ativa, método misto
Active mobility comprises the use of walking and cycling for individual trips or within a trip in combination with public transport, and contributes to higher levels of physical activity integrated into daily life. Physical literacy can help promote more active lifestyles, contributing to more sustainable cities and healthier societies by promoting positive and sustainable health behaviors. Physical literacy in its most holistic concept is described as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engaging in physical activity for life. It is essential to look at physical literacy in its complexity in order to analyze its contribution to more active and sustainable lifestyles. Objective: This thesis, using quantitative and qualitative methods, aimed to analyze the relationships between the level of physical activity and active mobility, analyzing the understanding and perception around the concept of physical literacy and its contribution to more active lifestyles. Method: A mixed research method was adopted, through the development of two sequential studies. (I) The first study was based on a quantitative observational analysis. A digital survey was answered by 498 college students aged 18 to 80 years, 62.95% female. We analyzed: a) the association of the various dimensions of physical literacy (motivation, confidence and motor competence and knowledge, body image and opportunities) with current physical activity level; b) the association of the various dimensions of physical literacy and current physical activity level with a central indicator for sustainability - the way of moving. The analysis of the variables under study was done using JASP. (II) The second study was qualitative exploratory, and analyzed (via focus group) the relationships between physical activity level and active mobility, analyzing the understanding and perception around the concept of physical literacy - in the dimensions mentioned above. 7 university students, 42.9% female, participated in the focus group. The results were analyzed following a thematic analysis with the help of the Nvivo application. Results: In study I it was found that physical literacy was related to higher levels of physical activity and that a higher level of physical activity was associated with a more sustainable way of commuting. However, there was no association between physical literacy and more sustainable travel. In study II, this lack of association can perhaps be understood in light of the lack of knowledge about what constitutes physical literacy as well as active mobility. Still, most participants reported feeling confident and able to be physically active on a daily basis, linking this confidence to previous positive experiences. Most participants showed an autonomous motivation to practice physical activity. Regarding the body image and opportunities dimension, participants showed some ambivalence towards satisfaction with their body, and indicated that, in their daily lives, walking to transportation and college are the opportunities to be more active. Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of stimulating physical literacy and its knowledge and to see active mobility as a type of physical activity to be promoted in this population. More research and studies should be conducted on the relationship of physical literacy with active mobility. In fact, the form of commuting is not always valued as an opportunity to increase the level of daily physical activity. Interventions directed to increase physical literacy, with special focus on its component of identification and daily opportunities may be particularly relevant. Keywords: physical literacy, physical activity, active mobility, mixed methods
Active mobility comprises the use of walking and cycling for individual trips or within a trip in combination with public transport, and contributes to higher levels of physical activity integrated into daily life. Physical literacy can help promote more active lifestyles, contributing to more sustainable cities and healthier societies by promoting positive and sustainable health behaviors. Physical literacy in its most holistic concept is described as the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engaging in physical activity for life. It is essential to look at physical literacy in its complexity in order to analyze its contribution to more active and sustainable lifestyles. Objective: This thesis, using quantitative and qualitative methods, aimed to analyze the relationships between the level of physical activity and active mobility, analyzing the understanding and perception around the concept of physical literacy and its contribution to more active lifestyles. Method: A mixed research method was adopted, through the development of two sequential studies. (I) The first study was based on a quantitative observational analysis. A digital survey was answered by 498 college students aged 18 to 80 years, 62.95% female. We analyzed: a) the association of the various dimensions of physical literacy (motivation, confidence and motor competence and knowledge, body image and opportunities) with current physical activity level; b) the association of the various dimensions of physical literacy and current physical activity level with a central indicator for sustainability - the way of moving. The analysis of the variables under study was done using JASP. (II) The second study was qualitative exploratory, and analyzed (via focus group) the relationships between physical activity level and active mobility, analyzing the understanding and perception around the concept of physical literacy - in the dimensions mentioned above. 7 university students, 42.9% female, participated in the focus group. The results were analyzed following a thematic analysis with the help of the Nvivo application. Results: In study I it was found that physical literacy was related to higher levels of physical activity and that a higher level of physical activity was associated with a more sustainable way of commuting. However, there was no association between physical literacy and more sustainable travel. In study II, this lack of association can perhaps be understood in light of the lack of knowledge about what constitutes physical literacy as well as active mobility. Still, most participants reported feeling confident and able to be physically active on a daily basis, linking this confidence to previous positive experiences. Most participants showed an autonomous motivation to practice physical activity. Regarding the body image and opportunities dimension, participants showed some ambivalence towards satisfaction with their body, and indicated that, in their daily lives, walking to transportation and college are the opportunities to be more active. Conclusion: The results of this study underline the importance of stimulating physical literacy and its knowledge and to see active mobility as a type of physical activity to be promoted in this population. More research and studies should be conducted on the relationship of physical literacy with active mobility. In fact, the form of commuting is not always valued as an opportunity to increase the level of daily physical activity. Interventions directed to increase physical literacy, with special focus on its component of identification and daily opportunities may be particularly relevant. Keywords: physical literacy, physical activity, active mobility, mixed methods
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Orientação: Marlene Nunes da Silva
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO E LITERACIA FÍSICA, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, LITERACIA FÍSICA, PHYSICAL LITERACY, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, MOBILIDADE, MOBILITY