Estudo das parasitoses gastrointestinais em bovinos leiteiros da Ilha de S. Miguel, Açores
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2016
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A produtividade dos bovinos leiteiros pode ser amplamente afetada pelo parasitismo gastrointestinal, principalmente quando se trata de animais criados em sistemas de produção extensivos. Nos Açores a indústria pecuária é uma atividade de extrema importância económica, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à produção leiteira, que representa cerca de 30% do total nacional. Neste tipo de produção existem diversos fatores ligados ao maneio que podem contribuir para a produtividade dos animais. Como nesta região o parasitismo gastrointestinal é muito favorecido pelas condições climáticas e pela presença de hospedeiros intermediários, como no caso da fasciolose, o seu controlo torna-se importante. Porém, na maioria das vezes os tratamentos antiparasitários são realizados de forma inadequada com o uso repetido de princípios ativos que além de contribuírem para o aumento dos custos de produção, não alcançam o objetivo do controlo eficiente. Neste estudo foram identificados alguns fatores relacionados com o maneio, como sendo possíveis práticas que poderiam contribuir para a existência de parasitismo.
Foram analisadas 149 explorações que correspondem a 10,5% do total de explorações de bovinos leiteiros da ilha de São Miguel (ISM). Constatou-se através dos exames coprológicos que 47,7% destas explorações apresentavam animais positivos para nematodoses, 8,7% para cestodoses, 13,4% para trematodoses e em 13,4% ocorreram animais positivos para coccidioses.
Quanto à fasciolose, os resultados obtidos na pesquisa de anticorpos contra Fasciola hepatica através da técnica de ELISA indireto, revelaram que 46,7% das vacas testadas foram positivas e que 74,5% das explorações apresentaram animais com serologia positiva para esta parasitose.
The dairy cattle productivity can be widely affected by gastrointestinal parasitism, especially in animals raised in extensive production systems. In Azores the livestock industry is an activity of great economic importance, particularly the milk production, which represents 30% of national output. In this type of systems there are many factors related with management practices which can contribute to the productivity of animals. In Azores cattle gastrointestinal parasitism is increased due to climatic conditions and presence of intermediate hosts, as in the case of fasciolosis, and its control becomes very important. However, most often the antiparasitic treatments are performed inappropriately with repeated use of active principles that in addition to the increase of production costs, do not reach the goal of efficient control. In this study some factors related to the dairy farms management were identified as possible practices that could contribute to the existence of parasitism. In this study 149 farms were analyzed which represented 10,5% of total dairy farms in São Miguel island. The results obtained through coprologic tests showed that in 47,7% of all farms were positive to nematodes, 8,7% to cestodosis, 13,4% to trematodosis and 13,4% to coccidiosis. Concerning fasciolosis, the results of antibodies detection against Fasciola hepatica, which were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique, showed that 46,7% of analyzed cows were positive and 74,5% of farms had animals with positive serology for this parasitosis.
The dairy cattle productivity can be widely affected by gastrointestinal parasitism, especially in animals raised in extensive production systems. In Azores the livestock industry is an activity of great economic importance, particularly the milk production, which represents 30% of national output. In this type of systems there are many factors related with management practices which can contribute to the productivity of animals. In Azores cattle gastrointestinal parasitism is increased due to climatic conditions and presence of intermediate hosts, as in the case of fasciolosis, and its control becomes very important. However, most often the antiparasitic treatments are performed inappropriately with repeated use of active principles that in addition to the increase of production costs, do not reach the goal of efficient control. In this study some factors related to the dairy farms management were identified as possible practices that could contribute to the existence of parasitism. In this study 149 farms were analyzed which represented 10,5% of total dairy farms in São Miguel island. The results obtained through coprologic tests showed that in 47,7% of all farms were positive to nematodes, 8,7% to cestodosis, 13,4% to trematodosis and 13,4% to coccidiosis. Concerning fasciolosis, the results of antibodies detection against Fasciola hepatica, which were analyzed by indirect ELISA technique, showed that 46,7% of analyzed cows were positive and 74,5% of farms had animals with positive serology for this parasitosis.
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Orientação : Ana Maria Duque de Araújo Munhoz
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, BOVÍDEOS, GADO LEITEIRO, PORTUGAL, AÇORES, BOVIDS, DAIRY CATTLE, PORTUGAL, AZORES, DOENÇAS PARASITÁRIAS, PARASITIC DISEASES, SISTEMA DIGESTIVO, DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, ILHA DE S. MIGUEL, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY MEDICINE