Abandono escolar em Moçambique : políticas educativas, cultura local e práticas escolares
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2016
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo entender o fenómeno do abandono escolar na
sociedade makua no distrito de Malema - Moçambique, em locais não urbanizados e com
cultura local marcante. O estudo é de âmbito provincial, com destaque para o caso do distrito
de Malema, teve uma perspectiva de pesquisa qualitativa e interpretativa, embora tenha
incorporado alguma análise quantitativa a partir das estatísticas oficiais do sector de educação
e dos dados do questionário aplicado aos alunos. A questão de partida foi formulada nos
seguintes termos: Quais as causas do Abandono Escolar dos alunos e das alunas do EP2 no
distrito de Malema - província de Nampula? O estudo inquiriu um total de 143 sujeitos, entre
os entrevistados e os que reponderam o questionário, sendo de diferentes categorias
socioprofissionais. Figuram entre os sujeitos - diretores e funcionários de educação de níveis
provincial, distrital e escolar; professores, pais e encarregados de educação, líderes
comunitários e alunos do EP2 das escolas abrangidas pelo território palco do estudo. Do
ponto de vista teórico-conceitual, o abandono escolar no Ensino Primário foi analisado com
fundamento nas teorias Socioinstitucional, do Handicap sociocultural e dos Dotes individuais
entendido por nós como adequadas para a compreensão do fenómeno em estudo. Em geral, as
principais conclusões do estudo consideram que a falta de escolas do EPC em muitas
localidades do distrito de Malema é a causa principal da não conclusão do ensino obrigatório
nas zonas rurais, mencionada pelos pais encarregados de educação e líderes comunitários
entrevistados. No que diz respeito às práticas escolares, concluiu-se que o método do ensino
centrado no aluno é praticado de forma deficiente.
No capítulo da cultura local da sociedade macua, concluiu-se que a questão do
abandono escolar nas zonas rurais do distrito de Malema não tem nada a ver com o sistema
matrilinear dessa sociedade. O fenómeno dos casamentos prematuros apresenta-se inscrito na
sociedade moçambicana de forma profunda e deveras generalizada, cuja mitigação e
eliminação exige do Estado uma intervenção forte e generalizada, tendo em consideração os
fatores que propiciam a sua efetivação.
This study aims to understand the phenomenon of school dropouts in makua society in Malema district - Mozambique, in places undeveloped and remarkable local culture. The provincial under study, most notably in the case of Malema district had a qualitative research perspective, although it has incorporated some quantitative analysis from the official statistics of the education sector and the questionnaire applied to student data. It took as its starting point: What are the causes of School Abandonment of students and EP2 students in Malema district - Nampula province? The study surveyed a total of 143 subjects between the respondents and that They replied the questionnaire, and from different socio-professional categories. Among the official education subjects, teachers, parents and guardians, community leaders and students EP2 schools covered by territory. From the theoretical and conceptual point of view, school dropouts in primary education was fundamentally treaty on the approaches based on theories of individual Endowments and Handicap sociocultural, understood by us as anteroom dropout. In general, the main findings of the study consider the lack of EPC schools in many locations in Malema district is the main cause of non-completion of compulsory education in rural areas, mentioned by parents and guardians interviewed community leaders. With regard to school practice, it was concluded that the method of teaching centred learning is performed poorly. In the chapter of the local culture of Macua society, it was concluded that the issue of school dropouts in rural Malema district has nothing to do with the matrilineal system of that society. The phenomenon of early marriages has been registered in Mozambican society in a profound and truly widespread, whose mitigation and elimination requires the state a strong and widespread intervention, taking into account the factors that favour its execution.
This study aims to understand the phenomenon of school dropouts in makua society in Malema district - Mozambique, in places undeveloped and remarkable local culture. The provincial under study, most notably in the case of Malema district had a qualitative research perspective, although it has incorporated some quantitative analysis from the official statistics of the education sector and the questionnaire applied to student data. It took as its starting point: What are the causes of School Abandonment of students and EP2 students in Malema district - Nampula province? The study surveyed a total of 143 subjects between the respondents and that They replied the questionnaire, and from different socio-professional categories. Among the official education subjects, teachers, parents and guardians, community leaders and students EP2 schools covered by territory. From the theoretical and conceptual point of view, school dropouts in primary education was fundamentally treaty on the approaches based on theories of individual Endowments and Handicap sociocultural, understood by us as anteroom dropout. In general, the main findings of the study consider the lack of EPC schools in many locations in Malema district is the main cause of non-completion of compulsory education in rural areas, mentioned by parents and guardians interviewed community leaders. With regard to school practice, it was concluded that the method of teaching centred learning is performed poorly. In the chapter of the local culture of Macua society, it was concluded that the issue of school dropouts in rural Malema district has nothing to do with the matrilineal system of that society. The phenomenon of early marriages has been registered in Mozambican society in a profound and truly widespread, whose mitigation and elimination requires the state a strong and widespread intervention, taking into account the factors that favour its execution.
Descrição
Orientação: Óscar Conceição de Sousa
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCATION, ABANDONO ESCOLAR, DROPPING OUT, INSUCESSO ESCOLAR, SCHOOL FAILURE, CULTURA, CULTURE, MEIO RURAL, RURAL ENVIRONMENT, MALEMA, MOÇAMBIQUE, MOZAMBIQUE