Avaliar os efeitos de destacamentos militares na composição corporal e a sua relação com a atividade física, nutrição e sono
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2025
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Objetivo: Esta dissertação teve dois objetivos: 1) realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que pretende analisar a literatura publicada sobre os efeitos provocados por destacamentos na composição corporal (CC) de militares, e verificar como é que as variáveis sono, nutrição e atividade física (AF) poderão afetar estes resultados durante os mesmos; 2) realizar um estudo observacional longitudinal em militares da Força Aérea Portuguesa (FAP) de forma a verificar a associação entre o efeito de um destacamento de 15 dias na CC dos militares e a sua relação com nutrição, AF e sono. Método: Para a revisão sistemática realizou-se uma pesquisa literária utilizando as bases de dados PUBMED, SPORTDiscus e Web of Science, sendo incluídos todos os estudos originais, escritos em inglês, e que mencionassem estudar os efeitos de destacamentos militares na CC. O estudo observacional foi realizado por 26 militares das esquadras de voo de busca e salvamento da FAP, que eram destacados por um período de 15 dias na Base Aérea nº4, Base Aérea nº6 ou Aeródromo de Manobra nº3, ou seja, ilha Terceira, Montijo, e ilha de Porto Santo, respetivamente. Os militares foram sujeitos a duas avaliações de CC, imediatamente antes e após o período de destacamento. As variáveis de controlo nutricional, higiene de sono e parâmetros de AF foram recolhidas durante e após o destacamento. Resultados: Numa primeira fase da revisão sistemática foram encontrados 268 artigos possivelmente relevantes. Após seleção foram incluídos 28 estudos, classificados como bons ou de excelente qualidade metodológica. Destes, 15 relacionavam destacamentos e CC com AF, 11 com nutrição e 3 com o sono. No artigo original não foram encontradas alterações significativas da CC durante os 15 dias de destacamento, nem associação destes resultados com nutrição, AF e sono. Conclusão: Devido à disparidade dos resultados dos estudos incluídos na revisão sistemática não foi possível retirar conclusões acerca dos efeitos provocados por destacamentos na CC de militares. Apesar de os militares da Força Aérea Portuguesa não apresentarem alterações na CC, a tendência de aumento de massa gorda (MG) e diminuição de massa isenta de gordura (MIG) assim como do ângulo de fase reforçam a importância de garantir hábitos saudáveis de nutrição, AF e sono durante destacamento.
Objective: This study had two objectives: 1) to conduct a systematic review of the literature aimed at analysing the published literature on the effects of deployments on the body composition of military personnel, and to verify how the variables sleep, nutrition, and physical activity may affect these results during deployment; 2) to conduct a longitudinal study in Portuguese Air Force Personnel aimed at analysing the association between the effect of a 15-day deployment on the body composition of military personnel and its relationship with nutrition, physical activity and sleep. Method: For the systematic review, a search was performed in the PUBMED, SPORTDISCUS and Web of Science databases and were considered for inclusion original studies, written in English and that mentioned the effects of military deployments on the body composition of them. The observational study involved 26 military personnel from the search and rescue flight squadrons of the Portuguesa Air Force, who were deployed for a period of a 15 days at Air Base No. 4, Air Base No. 6, and Manoeuvre Aerodrome No.3, specially located on Terceira Island, Montijo and Porto Santo Island, respectively. Variables related to nutritional control, sleep hygiene, and physical activity parameters were collected during and after deployment. Results: 268 potentially relevant articles were initially found, however, in the end, only 28 studies classified as good or excellent in methodological quality. Of these 28 studies, 15 related deployments and body composition with physical activity, 11 with nutrition, and 3 with sleep. The original article found no significant changes in body composition during the 15-day deployment, nor any association of these results with nutrition, physical activity, and sleep. Conclusions: The systematic review did not allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the effects caused by detachments in the body composition of military personnel due to the disparity in the results of studies included. Although the members of the Portuguese Air Force did not exhibit changes in body composition, the observed trend of increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass and phase angle underscores the importance of maintaining healthy habits related to nutrition, physical activity, and sleep during deployments.
Objective: This study had two objectives: 1) to conduct a systematic review of the literature aimed at analysing the published literature on the effects of deployments on the body composition of military personnel, and to verify how the variables sleep, nutrition, and physical activity may affect these results during deployment; 2) to conduct a longitudinal study in Portuguese Air Force Personnel aimed at analysing the association between the effect of a 15-day deployment on the body composition of military personnel and its relationship with nutrition, physical activity and sleep. Method: For the systematic review, a search was performed in the PUBMED, SPORTDISCUS and Web of Science databases and were considered for inclusion original studies, written in English and that mentioned the effects of military deployments on the body composition of them. The observational study involved 26 military personnel from the search and rescue flight squadrons of the Portuguesa Air Force, who were deployed for a period of a 15 days at Air Base No. 4, Air Base No. 6, and Manoeuvre Aerodrome No.3, specially located on Terceira Island, Montijo and Porto Santo Island, respectively. Variables related to nutritional control, sleep hygiene, and physical activity parameters were collected during and after deployment. Results: 268 potentially relevant articles were initially found, however, in the end, only 28 studies classified as good or excellent in methodological quality. Of these 28 studies, 15 related deployments and body composition with physical activity, 11 with nutrition, and 3 with sleep. The original article found no significant changes in body composition during the 15-day deployment, nor any association of these results with nutrition, physical activity, and sleep. Conclusions: The systematic review did not allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the effects caused by detachments in the body composition of military personnel due to the disparity in the results of studies included. Although the members of the Portuguese Air Force did not exhibit changes in body composition, the observed trend of increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass and phase angle underscores the importance of maintaining healthy habits related to nutrition, physical activity, and sleep during deployments.
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SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BODY COMPOSITION, NUTRITION, SLEEP, SECURITY FORCES, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, NUTRIÇÃO, SONO, FORÇAS DE SEGURANÇA