Constrangimentos ao Sucesso na Ação de Interceção da Bola no Futebol
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2015
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Esta tese tem como objetivo captar o modo como a performance no futebol emerge das propriedades contextuais do jogo e das capacidades individuais dos jogadores.
Para alcançar este objetivo discutimos algumas ideias teóricas relevantes, apresentadas pela psicologia ecológica, com o foco na dinâmica ecológica, explicando que as acções emergem da interação entre constrangimentos do indivíduo e do contexto, em
contraste, claro, com algumas perspetivas mais tradicionais da tomada de decisão.
Inicialmente, começamos por ver qual a influência do tipo de resposta (verbalmotora)
e da sequência de apresentação (ascendente-descendente) na percentagem de interseções de sucesso. Para o nosso estudo foi pedido aos participantes que
executassem duas tarefas, a primeira de perceção (se julgavam ser possível intercetar uma bola respondendo apenas “Sim/Não”) e, depois, uma tarefa de ação (tentavam na realidade alcançar a bola). Em seguida, fomos ver qual a influência da velocidade dos
participantes na percentagem de interseções de sucesso e quais os resultados em relação aos três grupos (lentos, médios, rápidos). O comportamento entre grupos foi
comparado, com diferentes capacidades, no que toca à sua velocidade máxima. Por último, perceber das variáveis “ Altura”, “Peso”, “ Idade” e “Velocidade Máxima aos 20m”, quais as que mais influenciaram a habilidade dos atletas para intercetar a bola,
variáveis preditoras dos valores da transição (velocidade requerida para interceção (RVI), a partir da qual as bolas deixam de ser intercetáveis). No fim, os resultados sugerem-nos que o acoplamento “perceção-ação” é vital, sendo proposto que se mantenha sempre este acoplamento entre a informação que os jogadores usam para agir e as ações
características do jogo que promovem informações no contexto do jogo.
This thesis aims to capture how the performance in football emerges from the contextual properties of the game and the individual skills of the players .To achieve this aim we discuss relevant theoretical ideas from ecological psychology, focusing particularly on ecological dynamics, explain that the actions emerge between the interactions of individuals and environments constraints, as a contrast to more traditional perspectives on decision-making behavior. Initially we saw what was the effect of the presentation sequence (increase and decrease) and the type of response (verbal or motor) at the percentage of success intersections. For this study participants were asked to execute two tasks, the first of perception (if they thought it was possible to intercept the ball just answering “Yes / No”) and then an action task (trying to actually reach the ball). Then we went to see what influence the speed of the participants had in the percentage of success intersections and what results we had in the three groups ( slower, medium, faster). Next we compared the behavior across groups with maximum speed capabilities. Finally we tried to understand which variables, “Height”, “Weight” , “Age” and “Maximum Speed to 20m” influenced the ability of athletes to intercept the ball, the most predictor variables of the transition values ( the required velocity to intercept the ball (RVI) from which the balls are no longer possible to intercept) . The results suggest that perception-action couplings is vital and we propose to keep always this coupling between information that players use to act and the game features activities that promote information in the context of the game.
This thesis aims to capture how the performance in football emerges from the contextual properties of the game and the individual skills of the players .To achieve this aim we discuss relevant theoretical ideas from ecological psychology, focusing particularly on ecological dynamics, explain that the actions emerge between the interactions of individuals and environments constraints, as a contrast to more traditional perspectives on decision-making behavior. Initially we saw what was the effect of the presentation sequence (increase and decrease) and the type of response (verbal or motor) at the percentage of success intersections. For this study participants were asked to execute two tasks, the first of perception (if they thought it was possible to intercept the ball just answering “Yes / No”) and then an action task (trying to actually reach the ball). Then we went to see what influence the speed of the participants had in the percentage of success intersections and what results we had in the three groups ( slower, medium, faster). Next we compared the behavior across groups with maximum speed capabilities. Finally we tried to understand which variables, “Height”, “Weight” , “Age” and “Maximum Speed to 20m” influenced the ability of athletes to intercept the ball, the most predictor variables of the transition values ( the required velocity to intercept the ball (RVI) from which the balls are no longer possible to intercept) . The results suggest that perception-action couplings is vital and we propose to keep always this coupling between information that players use to act and the game features activities that promote information in the context of the game.
Descrição
Orientação : Luís Pedro Camelo Vilar
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, DESEMPENHO, PERFORMANCE, FUTEBOL, FOOTBALL