Processos afetivos reflexivos e a sua importância no suporte da prática de exercício físico regular
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Uma resposta afetiva prazerosa tem sido consistentemente associada à sustentabilidade da prática de exercício físico, posicionando assim a abordagem motivacional hedónica como uma estratégia potencialmente eficaz para diminuir a prevalência da inatividade física. Como tal, vários modelos teóricos de processamento duplo têm dado um papel chave à resposta afetiva de modo a complementar as limitações cognitivistas. Uma parte integral destes modelos define e estuda como a resposta afetiva é processada a nível reflexivo e as suas implicações para o comportamento resultante. É proposto que estes processos afetivos reflexivos desempenhem um papel intermediário entre a resposta afetiva e o comportamento alvo, mas é necessária mais evidência no contexto do exercício físico. Ademais, estes processos estão assentes na memória afetiva de experiências passadas, memória esta que tende a ser enviesada pelos momentos afetivos mais salientes (i.e., pico alto e pico baixo), assim como a resposta afetiva no final da sessão, um fenómeno conhecido com a peak and end rule. Como tal, o principal objetivo desta Tese consistiu em analisar o papel intermediário de processos afetivos reflexivos entre a resposta afetiva no exercício físico e o comportamento associado à prática. Este objetivo foi consubstanciado em quatro estudos principais: uma revisão narrativa, dois estudos de natureza experimental onde foi testada a capacidade de predição de diversas variáveis em estudo, e ainda uma tradução e validação de um instrumento psicométrico (i.e., PACES). Os principais resultados demonstram que a peak and end rule consegue predizer processos afetivos reflexivos, com o afeto final a surgir como o preditor mais consistente. Adicionalmente, as variáveis afetivas reflexivas demonstraram um poder preditivo relevante para com a frequência de treino a curto e médio prazo. Em conclusão, os processos afetivos reflexivos parecem ser importantes na sustentabilidade da prática de exercício físico. Por conseguinte, tendo como base a peak and end rule, a promoção de um pico alto saliente, um pico baixo que não alcance o desprazer e um final de sessão prazeroso, podem ser estratégias eficazes na promoção de processos afetivos reflexivos mais positivos.
A more pleasurable affective response has been consistently associated with the sustainability of exercise behavior, positioning the motivational hedonic approach as a potentially viable strategy to diminish the prevalence of physical inactivity. As such, several theoretical models have positioned affective responses with a key role in complementing the limitations of cognitivism. The reflective processing of previous affective responses and their implications on decision-making is integral to these models. Accordingly, it is proposed that reflective affect processes are proxies between affective responses and the target behavior. However, more studies in the exercise context are necessary. Furthermore, these processes are based on the affective memory of past experiences, which tends to be biased by the most salient affective moments (i.e., peak high and peak low) and the affective response at the end of the session, a phenomenon known as the peak and end rule. Therefore, the main objective of this Tesis consisted of analyzing the proposed proxy role of reflective affect processing between the affective response to exercise and exercise frequency. This objective was accomplished through four main studies: one narrative review, two experimental studies testing the predictive capabilities of various variables in study, and the translation and validation of a psychometric instrument (i.e., PACES). The main results demonstrate that the peak and end rule can successfully predict reflective affect processing, with end affect emerging as the most consistent predictor. Additionally, the reflective affect processing variables seem to be reliable predictors of short- and medium-term exercise frequency. In conclusion, reflective affect processes appear to be relevant for the sustainability of exercise behavior. As such, the promotion of a salient peak high, a non-displeasurable peak low, and a pleasurable end affect may be effective peak and end rule-based strategies to promote more positive reflective affect processing levels.
A more pleasurable affective response has been consistently associated with the sustainability of exercise behavior, positioning the motivational hedonic approach as a potentially viable strategy to diminish the prevalence of physical inactivity. As such, several theoretical models have positioned affective responses with a key role in complementing the limitations of cognitivism. The reflective processing of previous affective responses and their implications on decision-making is integral to these models. Accordingly, it is proposed that reflective affect processes are proxies between affective responses and the target behavior. However, more studies in the exercise context are necessary. Furthermore, these processes are based on the affective memory of past experiences, which tends to be biased by the most salient affective moments (i.e., peak high and peak low) and the affective response at the end of the session, a phenomenon known as the peak and end rule. Therefore, the main objective of this Tesis consisted of analyzing the proposed proxy role of reflective affect processing between the affective response to exercise and exercise frequency. This objective was accomplished through four main studies: one narrative review, two experimental studies testing the predictive capabilities of various variables in study, and the translation and validation of a psychometric instrument (i.e., PACES). The main results demonstrate that the peak and end rule can successfully predict reflective affect processing, with end affect emerging as the most consistent predictor. Additionally, the reflective affect processing variables seem to be reliable predictors of short- and medium-term exercise frequency. In conclusion, reflective affect processes appear to be relevant for the sustainability of exercise behavior. As such, the promotion of a salient peak high, a non-displeasurable peak low, and a pleasurable end affect may be effective peak and end rule-based strategies to promote more positive reflective affect processing levels.