Afirmação do direito ao ambiente no Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos no contexto do combate à poluição
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2024
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Na Era Pós-industrial a qualidade do ambiente começou a ficar comprometida, sobretudo pelas emissões veiculares, industriais, setor da energia, atividades domésticas e material plástico, que impactam diretamente no ambiente e na saúde humana. Existiram alguns instrumentos comunitários e internacionais que reconheceram o direito do(ao) ambiente, enquanto direito humano. Esse direito, ergueu-se com a Declaração de Estocolmo, mas existiram outros instrumentos como a Declaração do Rio, Protocolo de Quioto, Convenção de Aarhus e o Acordo de Paris sobre o Clima. Estudos científicos demonstram o impacto da poluição, do aquecimento global e das alterações climáticas sobre a saúde humana e sobre o meio ambiente. O ativismo apresenta-se como um sustentáculo da responsabilidade ambiental No caso de violação, divergência ou litígio do direito ao ambiente, há que esgotar os meios jurisdicionais internos, interpondo a referida Ação judicial nos Tribunais Judiciais e/ou nos Tribunais Administrativos. O recurso ao Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos do Homem, deverá surgir apenas em último recurso. Dada a inexistência de um direito humano ao ambiente, previsto na Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos, o presente estudo, baseado numa análise jurisprudencial do Tribunal de Estrasburgo, conclui que essa afirmação decreta-se através dos artigos 2.º, 3.º, 6.º, 8.º, 10.º e 14.º da Convenção. Palavras-chave: Direito ao ambiente; Poluição; Impactos na saúde; Direitos Humanos; Direito de Ação Ambiental
In the Post-industrial Era, the quality of our environment began to be compromised, mainly due to vehicle emissions, industrial activities, the energy sector, domestic activities and plastic materials, which directly impact the environment and human health. There were some European Union and international instruments that recognized the environment as a human right. This right was initiated with the Stockholm Declaration, but there were other instruments such as the Rio Declaration, the Kyoto Protocol, the Aarhus Convention and the Paris Climate Agreement. Scientific studies demonstrate the impact of pollution, global warming and climate change on the environment and human health. Activism presents itself as a pillar of environmental responsibility. In cases of environmental violation, dispute or litigation relating to the right of environment, internal legal jurisdiction must be done by filing the respective legal action in the Judicial Courts and/or Administrative Courts. Appeal to the European Court of Human Rights should only be sought as a last resort. Given the absence in the European Human Right Convention, of a human right to the environment, the present study, based on the jurisprudential analysis of the Strasbourg Court, concludes that this statement is promulgated through articles 2.º, 3.º, 6.º, 8.º, 10.º, and 14.º of the Convention. Keywords: Right to the environment; Pollution; Health impacts; Human rights; Environmental Action Act
In the Post-industrial Era, the quality of our environment began to be compromised, mainly due to vehicle emissions, industrial activities, the energy sector, domestic activities and plastic materials, which directly impact the environment and human health. There were some European Union and international instruments that recognized the environment as a human right. This right was initiated with the Stockholm Declaration, but there were other instruments such as the Rio Declaration, the Kyoto Protocol, the Aarhus Convention and the Paris Climate Agreement. Scientific studies demonstrate the impact of pollution, global warming and climate change on the environment and human health. Activism presents itself as a pillar of environmental responsibility. In cases of environmental violation, dispute or litigation relating to the right of environment, internal legal jurisdiction must be done by filing the respective legal action in the Judicial Courts and/or Administrative Courts. Appeal to the European Court of Human Rights should only be sought as a last resort. Given the absence in the European Human Right Convention, of a human right to the environment, the present study, based on the jurisprudential analysis of the Strasbourg Court, concludes that this statement is promulgated through articles 2.º, 3.º, 6.º, 8.º, 10.º, and 14.º of the Convention. Keywords: Right to the environment; Pollution; Health impacts; Human rights; Environmental Action Act
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LAW, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, POLLUTION, CLIMATE CHANGES, HUMAN RIGHTS, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, JUDICIAL ACTIVISM, EUROPEAN UNION, MESTRADO EM DIREITO, DIREITO, DIREITO DO AMBIENTE, POLUIÇÃO, ALTERAÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS, DIREITOS HUMANOS, SAÚDE AMBIENTAL, ATIVISMO JUDICIAL, LEGISLAÇÃO AMBIENTAL, UNIÃO EUROPEIA, Mestrado em Direito (porto)