Influência da idade na aptidão física, no desempenho ocupacional e nos hábitos de prática de exercício (atividade física) em policias portugueses de elite do sexo masculino (Corpo de Intervenção)
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Data
2022
Autores
Nunes, Filipe de Oliveira
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O objetivo principal deste estudo foi comparar os policiais de elite do Corpo de intervenção (CI) mais novos e os policiais de elite mais velhos, ao nível da aptidão física e do desempenho num circuito policial, assim como o seu nível de atividade física. Secundariamente, foi avaliada a importância percebida pelos policias de elite sobre as suas características de aptidão na realização de tarefas ocupacionais. Quarenta e dois policias de elite (CI) treinados, do sexo masculino completaram um circuito ocupacional específico cronometrado (On-Duty Task, ODT) e uma avaliação da aptidão física (vaivém, teste T de agilidade, abdominais, força de preensão manual, impulsão horizontal e vertical, lançamento da bola medicinal de 3kg, flexibilidade e elevações) e do nível de prática do exercício físico (IPAQ), além da importância percebida das características de aptidão para realizar as tarefas ocupacionais, de simulação de um cenário policial, através da escala simplificada de Borg. Os policias de elite foram estratificados em valores de corte, mais jovens (≤ 38 anos; n = 20) e mais velhos (> 38 anos; n = 22) com base na amostra idade média. Teste t de amostras independentes foi usado para analisar as diferenças nas medidas de resultados entre os valores de corte dos policias mais jovens e os mais velhos. Os policias de elite mais velhos demoraram 19.5 % mais tempo para concluir o circuito em comparação com os policias mais jovens (p = 0.001). Ambos os grupos relataram frequências de atividade física vigorosa e apresentaram semelhante desempenho ao nível cardiovascular (CV) (mais jovens: 50.78 ± 7.18 ml/kg1/min vs. mais velhos: 44.80 ± 6.92 ml/kg/min, p = 0.065) e ao nível da força de preensão manual (FMP) (mais jovens: 54.74 ± 4.70 kg vs. 52.66 ± 10.67 kg; p = 0.391). Nos restantes parâmetros de aptidão física, foram encontradas diferenças significativas de desempenho entre os policiais mais jovens vs. policias mais velhos: Agilidade (10.83 ± 0.89 s vs. 11.67 ± 0.98 s; p = 0.04), Força Abdominal (número de repetições, 52.65 ± 4.86 vs. 43.5 ± 7.34; p = 0.01), Força de Braços (número de elevações, 15.3 ± 5.03 vs. 10.5 ± 3.87; p = 0.001) e Potência de Braços (lançamento de bola medicinal 3kg, 6.29 ± 0.78 m vs. 5.46 ± 0.94 m; p = 0.002). No Circuito de aptidão para a função os policias de elite apresentaram igualmente diferenças estatisticamente significativa (mais jovens: 210.02 s ± 26.74 s vs. 251.25 ± 38.81; p = 0.001). Em média, os policias apresentaram algumas das características de aptidão semelhantes, mas ao nível da potência e de agilidade, estas influenciaram negativamente o desempenho ocupacional. A nível ocupacional, o desempenho no circuito para a função entre uma amostra de policias de elite aptos, foi menor nos policias mais velhos em comparação com os policias de elite mais jovens, apesar do volume e intensidade de atividade física auto relatada ter sido semelhante. Os profissionais podem esperar diminuições de desempenho relacionadas à idade no trabalho, apesar de realizarem quantidades semelhantes de atividade física /treino físico.
Palavras-chave: aptidão física, atividade física desempenho ocupacional, idade, polícia de elite (CI)
The main goal of this study is to compare the physical aptitude, the performance in a specific obstacle course and level of physical activity in younger and older elite police officers of the SWAT. Secondary objective of the current study was the evaluation of the perceived importance of their own characteristics related to their aptitude in doing work related tasks. Forty-two male elite police officers completed the On-Duty Task (ODT) obstacle course and a physical evaluation (Shuttle test, T-Test of agility, abdominal muscular endurance, vertical and horizontal jump, 3kg medicinal ball throw, flexibility, and pull-up) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and so the perceived importance of the characteristics in the realization of occupational tasks in a simulated police scenario, through a simplified Borg scale. The elite police were grouped in cut values based in the average age, the younger ones (≤ 38 anos; n = 20), and the older ones (> 38 anos; n = 22). Independent T-Test samples were used to analyse the differences between the young and older elite police groups. The older elite police officers took 19.5% more time to complete the obstacle circuit in comparison with the younger elite police officers (p = 0.001). Both groups reported high frequency of physical activities and a similar cardiovascular level of performance (younger: 50.78 ± 7.18 ml/kg1/min vs. older: 44.80 ± 6.92 ml/kg/min, p = 0.065), and in the level of handgrip strength (younger: 54.74 ± 4.70 kg vs. 52.66 ± 10.67 kg; p = 0.391). In other parameters of physical aptitude, there were significant differences in performance between the younger vs older elite police officers: Agility (10.83 ± 0.89 s vs. 11.67 ± 0.98 s; p = 0.04), Abdominal Strength (number of repetitions, 52.65 ± 4.86 vs. 43.5 ± 7.34; p = 0.01), Arm strength (number of pull-ups, 15.3 ± 5.03 vs. 10.5 ± 3.87; p = 0.001) and Upper limbs Power (medicinal ball throw 3kg, 6.29 ± 0.78 m vs. 5.46 ± 0.94 m; p = 0.002). In the Circuit of aptitude for occupational tasks the elite police officers showed significant statistical differences (younger: 210.02 s ± 26.74 s vs. 251.25 ± 38.81; p = 0.001). On average, the police officers presented some similarities in physical aptitude, but regarding Power and agility, there was a negative influence in occupational performance. On an occupational level, the performance in the circuit for police tasks in a sample of elite police officers, was lower in older police officers in comparison to their younger counterparts, even when volume and intensity of self-reported physical activity was similar. The professionals should expect these reductions in performance related to age in work, even though they produce similar amounts of physical activity/training. Key words: Physical aptitude, Physical activity, occupational performance, age, elite police officers (SWAT).
The main goal of this study is to compare the physical aptitude, the performance in a specific obstacle course and level of physical activity in younger and older elite police officers of the SWAT. Secondary objective of the current study was the evaluation of the perceived importance of their own characteristics related to their aptitude in doing work related tasks. Forty-two male elite police officers completed the On-Duty Task (ODT) obstacle course and a physical evaluation (Shuttle test, T-Test of agility, abdominal muscular endurance, vertical and horizontal jump, 3kg medicinal ball throw, flexibility, and pull-up) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and so the perceived importance of the characteristics in the realization of occupational tasks in a simulated police scenario, through a simplified Borg scale. The elite police were grouped in cut values based in the average age, the younger ones (≤ 38 anos; n = 20), and the older ones (> 38 anos; n = 22). Independent T-Test samples were used to analyse the differences between the young and older elite police groups. The older elite police officers took 19.5% more time to complete the obstacle circuit in comparison with the younger elite police officers (p = 0.001). Both groups reported high frequency of physical activities and a similar cardiovascular level of performance (younger: 50.78 ± 7.18 ml/kg1/min vs. older: 44.80 ± 6.92 ml/kg/min, p = 0.065), and in the level of handgrip strength (younger: 54.74 ± 4.70 kg vs. 52.66 ± 10.67 kg; p = 0.391). In other parameters of physical aptitude, there were significant differences in performance between the younger vs older elite police officers: Agility (10.83 ± 0.89 s vs. 11.67 ± 0.98 s; p = 0.04), Abdominal Strength (number of repetitions, 52.65 ± 4.86 vs. 43.5 ± 7.34; p = 0.01), Arm strength (number of pull-ups, 15.3 ± 5.03 vs. 10.5 ± 3.87; p = 0.001) and Upper limbs Power (medicinal ball throw 3kg, 6.29 ± 0.78 m vs. 5.46 ± 0.94 m; p = 0.002). In the Circuit of aptitude for occupational tasks the elite police officers showed significant statistical differences (younger: 210.02 s ± 26.74 s vs. 251.25 ± 38.81; p = 0.001). On average, the police officers presented some similarities in physical aptitude, but regarding Power and agility, there was a negative influence in occupational performance. On an occupational level, the performance in the circuit for police tasks in a sample of elite police officers, was lower in older police officers in comparison to their younger counterparts, even when volume and intensity of self-reported physical activity was similar. The professionals should expect these reductions in performance related to age in work, even though they produce similar amounts of physical activity/training. Key words: Physical aptitude, Physical activity, occupational performance, age, elite police officers (SWAT).
Descrição
Orientação: Luís Fernandes Monteiro
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, CORPO DE INTERVENÇÃO, DESPORTO, APTIDÃO FÍSICA, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, DESEMPENHO PROFISSIONAL, IDADE, FORÇAS DE SEGURANÇA, SPORT, PHYSICAL FITNESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE, AGE, SECURITY FORCES