ECATI - Centros de Investigação
URI permanente desta comunidade:
Navegar
Percorrer ECATI - Centros de Investigação por título
A mostrar 1 - 20 de 141
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
Item Adaptive Non-Immersive VR Environment for Eliciting Fear of Cockroaches : a Physiology-Driven Approach Combined with 3D-TV Exposure(Universidad de San Buenaventura, 2020) Rosa, Pedro Joel; Luz, FIlipe Costa; Junior, Roberto; Oliveira, Jorge; Morais, Diogo; Gamito, Pedro; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction LabNon-immersive VR environments are related to the least interactive application of VR techniques, such that interaction with the VR environment can occur commonly by 3D-TV without full immersion into the environment. This study presents how 3D-TV exposure combined with physiology recording can elicit fear of cockroaches among individuals with different levels of fear. Thirty-six participants, set apart into three fear groups (low vs. moderate vs. high), were exposed to VR environment with cockroaches for 4 minutes while recording and using cardiac activity as input to the VR environment. Results revealed significant effects on self-report measures and heart rate between different fear groups. Moreover, participants with higher levels of fear were more likely to trigger cockroaches into the scenario due to their cardiac acceleration. Overall results suggest that our physiology-driven VR environment is valid for fear elicitation while having potential use in therapeutic domain.Item Agentes ou Jogadores? Os monstros estranhamente reais dos jogos de computadores(Cetac, 2008-04-05) Luz, Filipe Costa; Abrantes, João M. C. S.; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoPretendemos mostrar como os sistemas de motion capture permitem transpor para avatares movimentos de pessoas reais para, com o auxílio do processamento gráfico e dos incrementos em Inteligência artificial, criar as planícies de Masahiro Mori, o uncanny valley. Acreditamos que, num futuro próximo, será possível emocionar jogadores se o realismo das interacções no jogo apresentar consistência semelhante às experiências no mundo real.Item Algorithms for estimating the location of remote nodes using Smartphones(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Pedro, Dario; Tomic, Slavisa; Bernardo, Luís; Beko, Marko; Oliveira, Rodolfo; Dinis, Rui; Pinto, Paulo; Amaral, Pedro; COPELABS - Cognitive and People-centric ComputingLocating the position of a remote node on a wireless network is becoming more relevant, as we move forward in the Internet of things and in autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a new system to implement the location of remote nodes. A new prototype Android application has been developed to collect real measurements and to study the performance of several smartphone's sensors and location algorithms, including an innovative one, based on the second order cone programming (SOCP) relaxation. The application collects theWiFi access points information and the terminal location. An internal odometry module developed for the prototype is used when Android's service is unavailable. This paper compares the performance of existing location estimators given in closed form, an existing SOCP one, and the new SOCP location estimator proposed, which has reduced complexity. An algorithm to merge measurements from non-identical terminals is also proposed. Cooperative and terminal stand-alone operations are compared, showing a higher performance for SOCP-based ones, that are capable of estimating the path loss exponent and the transmission power. The heterogeneous terminals were also used in the tests. Our results show that the accurate positioning of static remote entities can be achieved using a single smartphone. On the other hand, the accurate real-time positioning of the mobile terminal is provided when three or more scattered terminal nodes cooperate sharing the samples taken synchronously.Item Analogue Games and Digital Literacy : The NetSmart Case Study with Older People(Academic Conferences International , 2025-10-01) Perim, Claudilene; Sousa, Carla; Damásio, Manuel; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesIn an era where digital proficiency is increasingly vital for full societal participation, older adults remain disproportionately underserved by digital literacy initiatives. Addressing this gap, the present study investigates the impact of NetSmart, a custom-designed analogue board game aimed at improving digital literacy among older adults. Developed through a participatory approach, NetSmart engages players in collaborative gameplay centred around digital safety, mobile device usage, and online interaction. The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-post design involving 42 participants aged 60 to 89, all previously introduced to foundational digital skills through local lifelong learning programs in Lisbon, Portugal. Participants attended a six-week intervention comprising guided gameplay sessions structured to promote reflective learning, skill reinforcement, and social interaction. Digital literacy was assessed through a 22-item questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Quantitative analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant improvements in key areas: the ability to download and install applications (p = .015), update operating systems (p = .037), and understand the role of games in learning (p = .020). Additionally, post-intervention responses showed increased selfefficacy in educating others on digital safety and greater engagement with online gaming (p = .033 and p = .013, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of analogue Game-Based Learning (GBL) not only as a tool for developing digital competencies, but also as a means of enhancing older adults' autonomy, social engagement, and confidence in navigating digital environments. This aligns with a broader recognition of play as a dynamic and effective medium for adult learning— especially when educational approaches are sensitively adapted to the cognitive and emotional dimensions of aging. While the case study’s context-specific nature and absence of a control group limit generalizability, the results nonetheless offer meaningful insights into how GBL can inform digital inclusion strategies for older populations. To build on these insights, future research should incorporate performance-based assessments alongside self-reported data and explore diverse settings to strengthen external validity.Item Anatomy Primitives(Edições Centro de Investigação em Artes e Comunicação, 2021-10) Araújo, António; Silva, Horácio Hugo Ferreira Faria de Azevedo e; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesWe propose an installation that investigates the notion of the anatomical canon and its conceptual and practical role in the artistic modeling of human anatomy. This installation guides the visitor through the synthesis of a digital canon built from standard 3D primitives. Through a model that can be interactively constructed or deconstructed step-by-step, using simple controls, the visitoris invited to study, and draw, the human surface anatomy and its main features as interpreted through the natural tools of digital modeling.Item O Aplanamento das Imagens(SOPCOM - Associação Portuguesa de Ciências da Comunicação, 2007) Viveiros, Paulo; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasA densidade visual da pintura flamenga e holandesa afirmou-se devido a uma nova forma de conceber o mundo e o olhar, fornecendo óptimos exemplos de comparação para com o actual cinema digital, desde as epopeias densamente habitadas por milhares de figurantes em programas de auto-gestão, até à densidade visual das layers de pósprodução. Christine Buci-Glucksmann chamou-lhe “olho cartográfico” e Svetlana Alpers “arte da descrição”. Ambos os conceitos lidam com um olhar nómada, presente também nos panoramas dos séculos XVIII e XIX, devido a enquadramentos arbitrários, mas onde os amplos espaços enquadrados, num ponto de vista ideal, por vezes funcionam como controlo do mundo através da “panoramização” do espaço, que lhe retira o relevo, as profundidades distantes e inacessíveis. Tudo está ao alcance do olho. As imagens tornaram-se semelhantes aos mapas, sendo que estes tinham projectado o mundo num plano. Isto gerou um efeito-superfície que se generalizou, transformando paredes em “peles digitais” e a profundidade na horizontalidade plana electrónica, como defende Buci-Gluksmann.Item Architectural detail or the end of the virtual(2022) Pinto, Bernardo de Castro Norton Vaz; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesArchitectural tectonics have become the central resistance, in the discipline of architecture, against the virtual simulations of reality that dominate our cultural landscape. Within that discussion, the study and critique of the architectural detail as a central aspect of architecture needs to be re-considered today, simply because it relates directly with materiality, physical materiality, of architecture. The enormous social-cultural transformations, since the turn of the century, triggered by the electronical and then digital innovations, have permitted the appearance of a virtual world that is competing with the physical role and subsequent meaning of the discipline of architecture. Alvin Tofler´s The Third Wave, Castells’ The Rise of the Network Society, Nicholas Negroponte’s Being Digital , all reflected the changes that are now a consummated fact: we have become more and more dependent on the non-physical, on the nonmaterial aspects of technology. Paraphrasing Negroponte, it is the shift from atoms (material and mass) to bits (digital). The construction of a virtual, nonphysical world, as the late phenomenon of the metaverse, the NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, confirm this tendency in the development of a nonphysical world. The challenge presented to architecture, as the discipline of the construction of meaningful physical environments, is that it cannot exist only in appearance. It needs to have existence, physical existence and permanence. The role of the architectural detail, present since the dawning of the discipline, needs to be re-discussed: The meaning of architecture, as it has always been, can be revealed within the understanding of the construction detail. The joint and the construction detail have evolved through history, from symbolic representations of nature, to metaphors of structural elements, to glimpses of the way buildings are put together. The advent of the digital revolution, and the changes of the architectural process, the appearance of the possibility of the “fold”1, and other algorithm processes of designing, triggered the disappearance of the edge and the joint, and detail has become surpassed, forgotten in praise of the seamless extension of the perfected architectural surface. To understand the role of architecture today is, to a large extent, to understand the meaning of the architectural detail.Item The art of feminist-queering the Museum : Gate-leaking(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Grácio, Rita; Coutinho, Andreia C; Falé, Laura; Sobreira, Maribel; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis paper takes part in the ongoing debate around how museums have begun to address LGBTQI+ and feminist issues in the 21st century. While Portugal is a particularly interesting country to consider, given that it has passed some of the most advanced legislation on LGBTQI+ rights in Europe (Santos 2012), this progressivism is not reflected in Portuguese museum practices, given that gender museology has been slow to emerge (Vaquinhas 2014). After briefly contextualising initiatives addressing gender in Portuguese art museums, we present as a case study Trazer a margem para o centro (Bringing the Margin to the Centre), a series of three talks hosted by the Berardo Collection Museum, which is considered Portugal’s primary modern and contemporary art museum. Unlike previous initiatives in art museums, which were museum-led, the series of talks was led by the small intersectional feminist collective FACA. A sociologist (Rita Grácio) and the three members of FACA (Andreia Coutinho, Laura Falé and Maribel Sobreira) designed and conducted the three talks that constitute the initiative Bringing the Margin to the Centre. Grácio designed and conducted the qualitative study of the audiences that attended Bringing the Margin to the Centre. This study consisted of participant observation at the event series, at which an adapted version of the Personal Meaning Mapping technique (Falk and Storksdieck 2005) was applied; semi-structured phone interviews with participants were then conducted after the event (Falk and Dierking 2011). The main findings show this event raised awareness among cisgender visitors with heteronormative perspectives and provided a space for counter-narratives of the queer community, showing the role of collective curatorial activism and museums in promoting gender equality and inclusiveness, if acting as gate-leakers, rather than as gatekeepers. Hence, museums can provide lessons to other organisations interested in promoting diversity and inclusion.Item Artistic-architectural micro-narratives in the city(2022) Barbas, iSABEL; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesIn the current 'burnout society' (Byung Chul Han), or 'liquid modernity' (Zygmunt Bauman), or 'red fish civilization' (Bruno Patino), in which the individual finds himself immersed in a diffuse, confused, global, where the boundaries between the private and the public, work and leisure, the specific and the global, the material and the immaterial are diluted, producing a new kind of 'habitat', what role can perform ‘artistic installations’ and small-scale ‘architectural installations’ on public space, in the debate about the current society, that is also committed to emerging ecological values? Taking into account its small scale, economy of materials, costs and reduced times, compared to the 'disciplinary' urban and architectural operations established in city 'design' policies, and above all taking into account its 'power of communication', of more immediate and performative interaction appealing to 'new aesthetic senses' [expanded field of art/architecture], we propose to look at the 70's - decade in which a freer artistic intervention was democratized but also more objective and committed to new ideas about the 'Polis', about the need to reactivate its use value [work] to the detriment of exchange value [profit], producing 'playfully' (Huizinga) and 'phenomenologically' new spaces of interaction (Lefebvre) and the influences they can play today. Appealing to the 'participation', 'activation' and even 'co-authorship' of the inhabitants, this type of artistic intervention on a 'human scale' in the city acts, either by 'adherence' or even by 'confrontation' – which is also a form of contact –, a dialogue with the public, which is thus involved in the construction of new 'micronarratives' about the city; awakening new personal critical senses about the 'common space', underlining the importance of the 'micro' in the 'macro' which is, perhaps, a possible way to build a more ecological society. Keywords: Art-architecture Installations in Public Space / Critical and ecological art-architectural practices in the city / Mediation, participation and co-authorshipItem A atmosfera fílmica como consciência(Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2002) Gil, Inês; CICANT (FCT) - Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas TecnologiasThe concept of "cinematic atmosphere" is complex because its analysis raises the problem of the cinematographic formal construction as inductive medium of the film atmosphere. Moreover, the proper notion of "atmosphere" reveals other concepts more or less controlled by the cinematic elements that will have all the same goal: the recognition of these concepts through the manifestation of the atmosphere.Item Audiences, content diversity and streaming platforms in small European countries : Engagement, interaction with catalogues, and choice(SAGE Publications Inc., 2025-07-31) Damásio, Manuel José; Helen Bengesser, Cathrin; Graça, André Rui; Primorac, Jaka; Grácio, Rita; Kauber, Sten; Pernin, Judith; Hammoud, Paul; Materska-Samek, Marta; Kotlinska, Malgorzata; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThe rapid growth of streaming platforms and their catalogues has transformed the way audiences engage with content, offering unprecedented content choices. This article delves into the presence of content from small countries on VoDs in Europe and explores how users engage with such content on different types of VoD services. Based on a literature review, an analysis of content availability in European VoD catalogues and the results of qualitative media diaries and interviews carried out in seven small European markets, the ultimate goal is to provide insight into how users engage with streaming platforms and other intermediaries to discover content, to highlight key trends regarding this matter and to discuss what these findings mean for the availability, discoverability and consumption of films from small markets.Item Augmented reality for games(Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2008) Luz, Filipe Costa; Bila, Vasco; Dinis, José Maria; HEI-LAB - Human Environment Interaction LabIn this text, we intend to explore augmented reality as a means to visualise interactive communication projects. With ARToolkit, Virtools and 3ds Max applications, we aim to show how to create a portable interactive platform that resorts to the environment and markers for constructing the game’s scenario. We plan to show that the realism of simulation, together with the merger of artificial objects with the real world, can generate interactive empathy between players and their avatars.Item The awareness of the past for an unknown future: the present act of the architect and the creative user in shaping spatial space(2022) Issa, Rand; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesArchitecture is yielded by use and design. The architectural realm is well known as a property of Architects “architecture is a heroic endeavor made by architects, guided by the masters” (Banham, 1975, p.3)*. Gropius articulated that the architect’s ultimate concern in designing buildings is represented in their human use and occupation. Therefore, questioning the architects’ perception of the users’ needs arises especially in times of crisis. Hereby, users are a threat to architects in terms of spatial transformation and how the building can adapt to reflect changes in use, and who between the architect, owner, and user, has the authority and knowledge to alternate the occupied form/ space. As if Functionalism is the starting point for most post-war architects’ assessment of use; flexibility, polyvalence, and user collaboration. Nowadays, the global pandemic emerged the necessity of the creative user to give existing spaces new meaning, a change of use that is not merely dependent upon a physical change but a change in the perception of the user toward the occupied space and the needs through the time of crisis. This paper is to concentrate on the intertwining role of the architect – the creative user who is not defined as a passive in the architecture realm but as a reactive user following the three types of creativity: mental, bodily, and physical. An analytical study of how users would shape their own space if they have the choice through a fixed space to design their quarantine based on the Covid-19 lockdownItem Bayesian methodology for target tracking using combined RSS and AoA measurements(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Tomic, Slavisa; Beko, Marko; Dinis, Rui; Tuba, Milan; Bacanin, Nebojsa; ECATI - School of Communication, Architecture, Arts and Information TechnologiesThis work addresses the target tracking problem based on received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AoA) measurements. The Bayesian methodology, which integrates the information given by observations with prior knowledge extracted from target motion model in order to enhance the estimation accuracy was employed. First, by converting the considered highly non-linear measurement model into a linear one, i.e., a novel linearization technique of the measurement model is proposed. The derived model is then merged with the prior knowledge, and a novel maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator whose solution is given in closed-form is proposed. It is also shown that the Kalman filter (KF) can be directly applied on top of the linearized observation model, which results in a proposal of a novel KF algorithm. Furthermore, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this paper premierly presents the application of the extended KF (EKF) and the unscented KF (UKF) to the considered tracking problem, by applying first-order linearization technique to the original non-linear model, and by applying the unscented transformation to carefully selected sample points, respectively. Finally, importance weights are computed for a large number of randomly selected sample points to render a well-known particle filter (PF) solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than a naive one which uses only information from observations. They also confirm the effectiveness of the proposed linearization technique in comparison with the existing one, reducing the estimation error for about 25%.Item Belonging to a community : the mediation of belonging(OberCom, 2012) Damásio, Manuel José; Henriques, Sara; Costa, Conceição; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis paper introduces the concept of belonging and discusses it in the context of online social networking experience and community experience considering social capital and user’s activities as nuclear concepts to understand collective actions and social relationships mediated by social media. The paper presents an empirical approach based on the study of two local communities and analyses whether interactive social technologies promote greater social involvement and higher production of social capital and participation, that results in a greater sense of belonging within communities. The results indicate a positive relationship between the use of social media and the increase of social capital and sense of belonging. Our work discusses the role and influence of social media in communitarian practices and the relevance social capital theory has as an outcome of media technologies use that result in a greater sense of belonging to a community.Item Beyond Equality – Nonmonogamy and the Necropolitics of Marriage(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-04-10) Cardoso, Daniel; Klesse, Christian; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New Technologies‘Marriage equality’ has been a widely used slogan and mobilizing concept for LGBTQ+ rights’ movements across the globe striving for formal recognition for ‘same-sex’ or ‘same-gender’ marriages. In this article, we critically interrogate the terminology and political rationality that have given shape to ‘marriage equality’ campaigns. We demonstrate the structural erasure of non-monogamous relations and populations from the changes hoped for and envisioned in these mobilizations. The lack of any genuine and substantial concern with Consensual Non-monogamies (CNMs) from most of the literature in the field highlights the close entanglement of marriage with monogamy. As a result, ideas are scarce about how meaningful and adequate legal recognition and social policy provisions for a wide range of intimate, sexual, familial, and/or caring bonds or constellations on the CNM continuum could look like. We argue that the critique of the mononormativity inherent to marriage is fundamental to understanding the role of this in the 21st century. We identify the roots of the mononormativity of marriage in its governmental role as a necropolitical and biopolitical technology, evidenced by its ‘civilizing’ function in white settler colonial projects. Because of this, an expansion of the call for equality to include non-monogamous populations does not resolve but rather aggravates the problem. We conclude that any truly queer politics of CNM consequently needs to be anti-marriage.Item A bisection-based approach for exact target localization in NLOS environments(Elsevier B.V., 2018-02) Tomic, Slavisa; Beko, Marko; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesThis work addresses the range-based target localization problem in adverse non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. We start by deriving the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator from the measurement model, since it is asymptotically efficient. However, this estimator is highly non-convex and difficult to solve directly. Hence, we convert the localization problem into a generalized trust region sub-problem (GTRS) framework. Although still non-convex in general, the derived estimator is strictly decreasing over a readily obtained interval, and thus, can be solved exactly by a bisection procedure. In huge contrast to existing algorithms, which either require the knowledge about the magnitude of the NLOS bias or to a priori distinguish between line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS links, the new one does not require such prerequisites. Also, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the number of reference nodes, unlike the majority of existing ones. Our simulation results show that the new algorithm possesses a steady NLOS bias mitigation capacity and that it represents an excellent alternative in the sense of the trade off between accuracy and complexity. To be more specific, it not only matches the performance of existing methods (majority of which significantly more computationally complex) but outperforms them in general. Moreover, the performance of the proposed algorithm is validated through real-indoor experimental data.Item The bodies of the (digitized) body : experiences of sexual(ised) work on OnlyFans(Society of Media Researchers In Denmark, 2021) Cardoso, Daniel; Scarcelli, Cosimo Marco; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesOnlyFans has enjoyed increasing attention from media and from users and consumers, especially since the start of the covid-19 pandemic, and particularly amongst internet- savy emerging adults. We used semi-structured interviews to collect testimonies from young Italian women (N=20) who sell their own sexual(ised) content on OnlyFans and processed them through Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006). Through this process, we sought to explore how different bodies are conceptualized in relation to content production, and how labour takes somatic existence in multiple ways. We looked at (1) how the body is prepared to be presented and mediatized, (2) how its presentation is conceptualized and actualized, and (3) how that work of re-presentation, as a work of networking and therefore where bodily energy is invested and expended. Through this, we show how there are multiple, concurrent and at times contradictory, narratives about corporality, and that potency and healing coexist alongside exhaustion.Item But some people still think that men cannot be raped : a qualitative study on Portuguese Judges’ perceptions regarding rape perpetrated by women against adult men(Routledge, 2025-05-24) Carmo, Eunice; Cardoso, Daniel; Brazão, Nélio; Carvalho, Joana; CICANT - Centre for Research in Applied Communication, Culture, and New TechnologiesIntroduction: The perceptions of judges regarding sexual violence perpetrated by women against men (SVWM) have not been approached widely in previous empirical research. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to provide a preliminary understanding of the perceptions of Portuguese judges regarding SVWM. Method: Eight Portuguese judges (men and women) were interviewed in 2020. Data was analyzed using framework analysis. Results: Gender and alcohol had central roles in judges’ accounts, as non-consent, motivations, risk, the impact of violence, and sexual scripts were mostly discussed with these two factors in mind. Narratives oscillated between gender-neutral reflections and depictions of gender stereotypes and male rape myths. Challenges and opportunities of the Justice System were discussed considering the stigma associated with SVWM, while judges’ accounts were shaped by their lack of direct experience with such cases. Conclusions: Participants’ narratives reflected important contradictions between their adherence to some male rape myths and gender stereotypes and their endorsement of the ideal of a gender-neutral rape Law. Policy implications: The results of this study implicate that the impact of gender-based perceptions and rape myths on rape-related attrition rates and sentencing in SVWM cases should be further explored in empirical research. Additionally, public policy efforts should be invested in evidence-based professional training for judges focused on challenging gender stereotypes and male-rape myths.Item Uma certa imagem de um mundo : estereoscopia e educação visual no início do século XX; uma investigação a partir da coleção Pestalozzi (MIMO)(The Institute of Communication of NOVA, ICNOVA of the Universidade NOVA from Lisbon, 2017) Peixoto, Rodrigo; Escola de Comunicação, Arquitetura, Artes e Tecnologias da InformaçãoNo século XVIII surgiu um novo paradigma na educação, que ficou conhecido sob o nome de educação visual. Na sua origem estão as ideias de Pestalozzi. Esta mudança na estrutura do modo de lecionar está intimamente ligada à fundação de uma sociedade moderna assente na tecnologia como forma de aceder ao conhecimento. Este ímpeto visual veio encontrar na fotografia e na estereoscopia, primeiro, e no cinema, depois, os veículos para a formação de gerações de estudantes, criando uma relação de visibilidade com a matéria lecionada, visibilidade que era olhada como equivalente ao contacto com um objeto a estudar, transformando a noção de ilustração ou documento, e esquecendo a mediação tecnológica. Através do estudo da coleção Pestalozzi (158 cartões estéreo em depósito no Museu de Imagem em Movimento (MIMO) de Leiria, pelo projeto Stereo Visual Culture apoiado pela FCT (PTDC/IVC-COM/5223/2012), e dos guias de leitura das coleções educacionais da Keystone View Co., pretendemos analisar a industrialização deste novo paradigma e a sua influência na criação de uma ideia hierarquizada, sistematizada, e apoiada em «evidências» visuais, de uma organização do mundo (no momento em que o surgimento do cinema ameaçava esta indústria). Um mundo que se pretendia objetivado nas imagens estéreo.